Concepts of Basic Physics
What is Physics?
Physics is the scientific study of energy. Basically, how stuff works. Physics dictates what happens on the very small scale (subatomic) right up to the very large scale (Universe). Physics attempts to explain and predict how the universe behaves.
Laws of Physics:
Newton's Laws of Motion:
First Law: Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.
Second Law: The acceleration produced by a particular force acting on a body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
Third Law: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction; or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts.
Newton's Law of Gravity:
Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Conservation of Energy:
The total amount of energy in a closed system is constant.
Conservation of Momentum:
The total momentum in a closed system is constant.
Thermodynamics:
The so called zeroeth law of thermodynamics:
Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium to each other.
The first law of thermodynamics:
The change in a system's internal energy is equal to the difference between heat added to the system from its surroundings and work done by the system on its surroundings.
The second law of thermodynamics:
It is impossible for a process to have as its sole result the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter one.
The third law of thermodynamics:
It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations.